Future of Banking

Future of Banking

26/08/2025

11:00

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11:30

This paper analyzes the effects of hidden liquidity by studying the introduction of iceberg orders at a large cryptocurrency exchange. Compared to other assets, cryptocurrencies often trade against both fiat currencies and pegged stablecoins. Considering the introduction of iceberg orders for trading pairs against the US dollar but not against a dollar-pegged stablecoin, this study finds that hidden liquidity is associated with increased quoting and trading activity. Larger average trade sizes suggest greater institutional participation. Liquidity improves through tighter spreads and deeper depth, while the price impact of trades declines. Realized spreads increase, indicating improved revenues for market makers while also offering enhanced execution conditions for liquidity takers. Price discovery also shifts significantly toward the markets accepting iceberg orders. Overall, our results suggest that hidden liquidity has positive effects on market quality.

This paper analyzes the effects of hidden liquidity by studying the introduction of iceberg orders at a large cryptocurrency exchange. Compared to other assets, cryptocurrencies often trade against both fiat currencies and pegged stablecoins. Considering the introduction of iceberg orders for trading pairs against the US dollar but not against a dollar-pegged stablecoin, this study finds that hidden liquidity is associated with increased quoting and trading activity. Larger average trade sizes suggest greater institutional participation. Liquidity improves through tighter spreads and deeper depth, while the price impact of trades declines. Realized spreads increase, indicating improved revenues for market makers while also offering enhanced execution conditions for liquidity takers. Price discovery also shifts significantly toward the markets accepting iceberg orders. Overall, our results suggest that hidden liquidity has positive effects on market quality.

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Allan Mendelowitz

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Albert Menkveld
Keynote: "What we can learn today about the markets of tomorrow: Crypto, crashes and credible research"
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Albert Menkveld

Keynote